美国网友：为何越南人不喜欢中国，却同时复制使用着中国的一切？

安徽摆渡

泱泱华夏，群臣朝见。五千多年的文化传承，不仅带给国人浓浓的民族自豪感，也潜移默化地影响了周边邻国。像韩国、日本、越南的文化或多或少都受到中国文化的浸润。尤其是越南，两千多年来一直是中国的领地，可以说，越南的文化很大程度上就是中国的地方文化。在美版知乎Quora上，外国网友提问道：既然越南人不喜欢中国，为何却同时抄袭着中国的一切？这引起网友们的热议，我们看看他们的观点。

美国网友米奇•科恩的回答

From the Vietnamese point of view, if you say that Vietnamese culture replicates Chinese culture, many Vietnamese will think you are belittling them, but they have to admit this.

从现在越南人的观点来看，如果你说越南文化上复制中国文化，很多越南人会认为你是在贬低他们，但他们又不得不承认这一点。

In the history of Vietnam and China, because of sharing the border and being ruled by the Central Plains Dynasty of China for thousands of years, Vietnam has many similarities in culture. More than once, the Ming and Qing empires tried to erase all the history, culture and identity of Vietnam, and at the same time, they imposed language, clothing and customs on Vietnam, which Vietnamese resolutely resisted. For example, during the fourth occupation of Vietnam by the Ming Dynasty in 1407-1428, the rulers tried to destroy all Vietnamese culture.

越南和中国历史上由于共享边界以及数千年来越南被中国中原王朝长期统治，在文化上有很多相似之处。明清帝国不止一次试图抹去越南所有的历史、文化和身份，同时也将语言、服饰、习俗强加给越南，越南人坚决抵制。例如：在1407-1428年明朝第四次占领越南期间，统治者试图摧毁所有越南文化。

However, every time Vietnamese not only try to recover their own culture and identity, but also try to learn new things from their Chinese culture. These cultures consolidate the Vietnamese identity, which is different from that of China.

然而，每次越南人不仅试图恢复自己的文化和身份，而且还试图从他们的中国文化中学习新东西，这些文化巩固了与中国身份截然不同的越南人身份。

For example, Vietnamese belongs to the Asian Australian language family, but Chinese is a member of the Sino Tibetan language family. Although the Central Plains Empire tried to impose its language on Vietnam, Vietnamese also has many foreign words from China, but Vietnamese culture is increasingly different from Chinese culture, especially after Vietnamese people accepted and learned Western civilization.

例如：越南语属于亚澳语系，但汉语是汉藏语系的一员，尽管中原帝国曾试图将其语言强加给越南，越南语也有许多来自中国的外来词，可越南文化越来越不同于中国文化，特别是在越南人接受并学习西方文明之后。

Of course, most Vietnamese and Chinese people will answer "no" to this question, but I don't think this is what people who ask this question want to know. This question is somewhat condescending to Vietnamese, but it should be explained as: In fact, is Vietnam really so similar to China in culture?

当然，大多数越南人和中国人会对这个问题回答“不”，但我不认为这是问这个问题的人想知道的。这个问题有点屈尊于越南人，但它应该被解释为：在实际上，越南在文化上与中国真的如此相似吗？

Apart from politics, in fact, both countries have Confucianism and filial piety theory, including ancestor worship, cooking, Buddhism, pagodas, architecture, appearance (especially North Vietnamese and most South Vietnamese immigrants from the north, who look like southerners or some even northerners), socialism, Chinese characters (which lasted for hundreds of years until about 100 years ago), Chinese literature, novels, current Chinese TV dramas and dramas The Chinese New Year, the Chinese Lunar Calendar, the Full Moon Festival and other important Chinese festivals, the loud and smooth spoken language (which sounds similar), and even the way people behave in certain social occasions, as well as the current trade partnership, all show that Vietnam and China are very similar.

撇开政治不谈，事实上，因为两国都有儒家思想、孝道理论，包括崇拜祖先、烹饪、佛教、宝塔、建筑、外貌（尤其是北越人和大多数来自北方的南越移民，看起来像南方人或一些甚至是北方人）、社会主义，汉字（几百年来一直持续到大约100年前）、中国文学、小说、目前的中国电视剧和戏剧、中国新年、农历、满月节和其他一些重要的中国节日、响亮顺口（听起来类似）的口语，甚至人们在某些社交场合的行为方式，以及现在的贸易伙伴关系，都可以说明越南与中国极其相似。

Of course, if they deeply study the structure of these two societies, they will find some differences, but even in China or Vietnam, there are cultural differences in different regions. Of course, some typical Vietnamese cultures are unique to Vietnam and cannot be found in China, but I do not want to elaborate here, but the main contents listed above must be shared by both countries.

当然，如果深入研究这两个社会的结构，他们会发现一些差异，但即使在中国或越南内部，不同地区也存在文化差异。当然，有一些典型的越南文化方面是越南独有的，在中国是找不到的，但我不想在这里详细说明，但上面列出的主要内容肯定是两国共有的。

In my opinion, no other country in the world, even South Korea, Japan or Mongolia, has so many cultural ties with China as Vietnam.

在我看来，世界上没有其他国家，甚至韩国、日本或蒙古，像越南一样与中国有如此多的文化联系。

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越南网友Ha Pham的回答

As a Vietnamese, I am very angry about this because I know too much about Chinese culture.

作为一名越南人，我对这件事感到非常恼火，因为我太了解中国文化了。

To say that Vietnam has no culture because it copies China is like saying that Japan and South Korea have no culture. The kimono was invented earlier in China than in Japan. Even Vietnamese used to wear it, but Japan improved it. Vietnam also has many different styles and characteristics, which are unique to Vietnamese culture.

说越南没有文化，因为它复制了中国，就像说日本和韩国没有文化一样。和服的发明在中国早于日本，甚至越南人过去也会穿，但日本改进了它。越南也有许多不同的风格特色，这些成为越南文化的独特之处。

Shall we list them?

我们把它们列出来好吗？

• Vietnamese of all classes, ages and genders will dye their teeth black. In China, only part of South China has dyed it. In Vietnam, it is a symbol of beauty, and even the emperor dyed it.

•所有阶层、年龄和性别的越南人都会将牙齿染成黑色。而在中国只有部分华南地区对其进行了染色。在越南，它是美丽的象征，甚至皇帝也给它染色。

• During the Li and Tran dynasties, Vietnamese of all classes, ages and genders were tattooed. Tattoo is regarded as a symbol of criminals in China, and Japanese nobles do not have tattoos. In Vietnam, tattoos are regarded as a prerequisite for government officials, and the emperor is the only person who can tattoo dragons. Of course, when the Ming Dynasty people came, they eliminated this mentality and concept, and tattoos became taboo.

•黎族和Tran王朝期间，所有阶层、年龄和性别的越南人都纹身。纹身在中国被视为罪犯的象征，日本贵族不纹身。在越南，纹身被视为政府官员的必备条件，皇帝是唯一能纹身龙的人。当然，明朝人来了，消除了这种心态和观念，纹身也成为了禁忌。

• Vietnamese of all classes, ages and genders eat Champagne. Vietnamese women like to eat betel nut. When eating, cut the areca nut into pieces and chew it in your mouth at the same time with the leaves and clam shell powder of a vine called trichosanthes, but do not swallow it. When the three things are mixed with saliva, they immediately become blood red juice. After eating, the tongue and lips are all dyed red for decoration.

•所有阶层、年龄和性别的越南人都食用槟郎。越南妇女喜食槟榔。食时将槟榔果切成片,与一种叫蒌的藤类植物的叶和蚌壳粉三样同时放入口中嚼,但不能吞咽。三样东西经唾液混合,立刻变成血红色汁液，,吃后舌头、嘴唇全都被染得通红，以作装饰。

• Vietnamese of all classes, ages and genders like to walk barefoot. This is convenient and efficient for them. Nguy's former government officials walked into the palace barefoot. In daily life, the emperor and empress liked to walk barefoot for convenience. Of course, they also wear shoes, but on important occasions.

•所有阶层、年龄和性别的越南人都喜欢赤脚行走。这对他们来说既方便又高效。Nguy之前的政府官员ễn赤脚走进皇宫。皇帝和皇后在日常生活中，为了方便起见，喜欢赤脚行走。当然，他们也穿鞋子，但在重要的场合。

• Speaking of shoes, the uniqueness of Vietnamese women's shoes is that they expose high-heeled shoes. Unlike the Chinese who wrap their feet and think they are beautiful, the Vietnamese are proud of their bare feet. The more beautiful your high-heeled shoes are, the more beautiful you will be. So the shoes show high heels. Because Vietnamese like to walk barefoot, they do not bind their feet.

•说到鞋，越南女性鞋的独特之处在于它们露出了高跟鞋。不像中国人裹小脚，认为自己很漂亮，越南人以自己裸露的脚为荣。你的高跟鞋越漂亮，你就越漂亮。所以鞋子露出了高跟鞋。因为越南人喜欢赤脚行走，所以他们不绑脚。

• The hairstyle of each dynasty is different from that of China. During the Li Dynasty, everyone liked to have their hair cut or bald, usually for religious purposes (Buddhism). This is in sharp contrast to the Chinese, who like to keep their hair long and tie it into a bun through Confucian etiquette. Of course, Vietnamese also have buns, but not as popular as short hair.

•每个王朝的发型都与中国不同。在黎氏王朝期间、 每个人都喜欢理发或秃顶，通常是出于宗教目的（佛教）。这与中国人形成鲜明对比，中国人喜欢将头发留长，并通过儒家礼仪将头发扎成一个发髻。当然，越南人也有发髻，但不如短发流行。

In Laicheng, both men and women like long flowing hair. The longer and silkier your hair is, the more beautiful you look, including men. So everyone hung their hair down, and some even touched the ground. This is in sharp contrast to the Chinese, who never relax. In the Chinese cultural circle, only Japan and Vietnam in the peaceful period let their hair hang down all the time, while Koreans and Chinese tied their hair. In the Ruan Dynasty, people preferred hair buns and head scarves. This kind of headband is unique to Vietnam. Unlike other religious headbands, the Chinese do not have it.

在莱城，男人和女人都喜欢飘逸的长发。你的头发越长越丝滑，你看起来就越漂亮，包括男人。所以每个人都把头发垂下来，有些人甚至触地。这与中国人形成了鲜明对比，中国人从不放松。在中国文化圈中，只有平安时期的日本和越南让头发一直垂下来，而韩国人和中国人则把头发绑起来。阮氏王朝时，人们更喜欢发髻和头巾。这种头巾是越南独有的，与其他宗教头巾不同，中国人就没有这个。

• Due to the tropical climate, Vietnam's fashion is different from China's. The Chinese dress is more westernized. Vietnamese usually like dark clothes. In Europe, Vietnamese like to wear a cross neck Chinese dress in Song style. Vietnamese wear round necked and round necked gowns, but there is no belt. Many men prefer to wear underwear rather than trousers.

•由于热带气候，越南时装与中国不同。中国人着装更加西化，越南人通常喜欢深色的衣服，在欧洲，越南人喜欢穿着宋体风格的十字领汉服。 越南人穿着圆领圆领袍，只是没有腰带，很多男人更喜欢穿内衣而不是裤子。

Men prefer to wear long skirts with cross necks, but there is no folding skirt. The collar is very open. Because the weather is hot, you usually expose your underwear or chest. But this does not mean that Vietnamese like to expose themselves. They are one of the most sheltered people in Southeast Asian history. Their Y ế m (underwear) covers all the parts that should be covered.

男人更喜欢穿交叉领的长裙，但没有折叠式裙子，衣领很开，因为天气炎热，你通常会露出你的上内衣或胸部。但这并不意味着越南人喜欢暴露自己，他们是东南亚历史上遮挡身体最多的人之一，他们的Yếm（内衣）涵盖了所有应该涵盖的部位。

At the same time, the collars of Chinese people touch their necks. In the Ruan Dynasty, Vietnamese used Ming style high collars, but their collars were much shorter. They all wore pants, and they all liked tight sleeves. Under the influence of French colonialism, this kind of clothing became the modern "Adodayi".

与此同时，中国人的衣领都触到了脖子。阮氏王朝，越南人采用明式高领，但他们的领子短得多，他们都穿裤子，而且他们都喜欢紧身衣袖。在法国殖民主义的影响下，这种服装成为了现代的“阿多达伊”。

• Vietnamese and Chinese use different furniture and vehicles. Vietnamese ride elephants. Vietnamese use hammocks as sleeping tools (except for the royal family). Due to the humid weather, Vietnamese used elevated platforms in every dynasty.

•越南人和中国人使用不同的家具和交通工具。越南人骑大象。越南人使用吊床作为交通工具（皇室除外）。由于天气潮湿，越南人在每个朝代都使用高架平台。

• Vietnamese food is very unique. It was influenced by Vietnam, China and France. Vietnam's fish sauce is different. The pH value is the combination of all three elements, and the royal cuisine is extremely rich and exquisite.

•越南菜很独特。它受到越南、中国和法国的影响。越南的鱼露与众不同。酸碱度ở 是以上所有3个菜系元素的组合，皇家菜肴也极其丰富和精致。

• Vietnamese indigenous religions are very diverse and matriarchal. The most popular religious belief in Vietnam is Đ It worships hundreds of goddesses and gods. Although there are male gods, there are a large number of female gods in religion. They are all extremely powerful beings sitting on the top of the hierarchy.

•越南土著宗教非常多样化，而且是母系宗教。越南最受欢迎的宗教信仰是Đạo月ẫu、 它崇拜数百位女神和神。尽管有男性神，但宗教中女性神的数量极多，她们都是坐在等级之上的极其强大的众生。

• Viet Nam has a unique number of weapons. The Chinese in the Ming Dynasty bought a large number of weapons from Vietnam. Vietnam's weapons are famous for their highly decorative nature. The aristocratic weapons are covered with gold, pearls and silver.

•越南拥有数量独特的武器。明朝中国人从越南购买了大量武器。越南的武器以装饰性极强而闻名，贵族武器上覆盖着黄金、珍珠和银。

• Vietnamese have unique and beautiful patterns. Perhaps the most obvious one is the fire blade pattern in Back to Ancient Times, which the Chinese do not have.

•越南人有着独特的美丽图案。最明显的可能是中国人没有的《复古后叶》中的火刃图案。

• Vietnam's primitive culture, known as Đ ong s ơ N Son culture is one of the Baiyue tribes. Baiyue, assimilated with China, has a similar culture with ancient Vietnam, because they come from a similar source.

•越南的原始文化，称为Đong sơn Son文化，是百越部落之一。与中国同化的百越与古代越南有着相似的文化，因为他们来自相似的源头。

Can this prove that Vietnamese culture is not copied from China? Or should I list some more? Or should we stop? Vietnam can only learn from Chinese culture, not copy it!

这可以证明越南文化并非是从中国拷贝复制过来吗？或者我应该再罗列一些？中国人会这么做吗？越南对中国文化只有借鉴，没有复制！