印度网友问：印度是资本主义国家，为什么中国反而比印度更强大？

高山流水

中国和印度作为山水相邻的大国，其双边关系一直是全球热点，关于两国的民间讨论更是不绝于耳，在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友提问道：印度作为一个资本主义国家，为什么中国反而要比印度更加强大？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，他们纷纷作答，认为发展程度与社会制度关系不大。

问题：印度是资本主义国家，为什么中国反而比印度更强大？

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美国网友阿努拉格•包纳加尔的回答

The degree of development of a country has little to do with the social system, but what makes China stronger than India?

一个国家的发展程度和社会制度没多大关系，但问题是是什么让中国比印度强大呢？

China and India are hard to compare! There are many dynamic variables that are difficult to measure. Geopolitics has changed the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the two countries in an unpredictable way on a time scale.

中国和印度很难比较！有许多动态的变量难以衡量，地缘政治在时间尺度上以不可预测的方式改变了两国的相对优势和劣势。

We can start with commonness.

我们可以先从共性开始分析。

• China and India are the two most populous countries on earth, and their combined population accounts for more than one third of the total human population!

•中国和印度是地球上人口最多的两个国家，他们的人口加起来占整个人类总量的三分之一以上！

• everything involving China and India is huge. Food consumption, energy demand, trade balance, military strength, political strength, diplomatic strength and soft power are among the highest in the world.

•涉及中国和印度的一切都是巨大的，食品消费、能源需求、贸易平衡、军事实力、政治实力、外交实力、软实力，都居于世界前列。

• China and India are the two oldest civilizations on earth. They experienced a long feudal period. For a long time, they were the richest, most populous and most advanced society at that time. These empires rose and fell, and then rose again.

•中国和印度是地球上最古老的两个文明，他们曾经历漫长的封建时期，在相当长的一段时间里，他们是当时最富有、人口最多、最先进的社会，这些帝国起起落落，然后再次崛起。

• they are all countries with a vast territory. In terms of territorial area, China is the third largest country in the world and India is the seventh largest country in the world.

•它们都是幅员辽阔的国家，就领土面积来说，中国是世界第三大国，印度是世界第七大国。

• China's nominal GDP ranks second in the world and its purchasing power parity GDP ranks first in the world, exceeding US $27 trillion. India ranks fifth in nominal GDP and third in purchasing power parity GDP, exceeding US $10 trillion. Both China and India are leading economic powers.

•中国名义GDP排名世界第二，购买力平价GDP排名世界第一，超过27万亿美元。印度名义GDP排名世界第五，购买力平价GDP排名第三，超过10万亿美元，中国和印度都是首屈一指的经济大国。

• both countries occupy rich land resources and are at the core of the region. China is located in the center of Eurasia, and its policies in this field can have a global impact.

•两国都占据着丰富的土地资源，在区域内处于核心地位。中国位于欧亚大陆的中心，其在这一领域的政策可以产生全球影响。

India is an ancient bridge between the East and the west of the world, and its status has been maintained for thousands of years. India's coastal dominance, a maritime traffic corridor across the Indian Ocean, has become one of the busiest and richest business districts in the world, which has further consolidated its influence.

印度是世界东西方之间的一座古老桥梁，其地位已经保持了几千年。印度的沿海主导地位横跨印度洋海上交通通道，已经成为世界上最繁忙、最富有的商业区之一，这进一步巩固了其影响力。

So, since the two are so similar in many fields, what makes China stronger than India?

那么，既然两者在诸多领域如此相似，是什么让中国比印度更强大呢？

China has a special institutional advantage, which enables China to carry out major projects and projects more efficiently than India. The huge decisions are often efficient and accurate, such as the Daxing airport project and the excellent performance during the COVID-19 epidemic.

中国有着特殊的体制优势，这种治理模式使中国可以比印度更高效地开展重大事业和项目，巨大的决策往往高效而精准，比如大兴机场项目和新冠病毒疫情期间优异的表现。

India's speed and scale are not as fast as China's, which gives China a late mover advantage in many cases, and can accurately control the speed and scope of its development, so as to catch up with the development level of many rivals.

而印度的速度和规模都不及中国，这让中国在许多情况下拥有后发优势，而且可以精准把控自己发展的速度和范围，从而赶上许多对手的发展水平。

In most cases, India's decisions are made by parliamentary game and supported by some voters. Therefore, the decision-making may be more chaotic and time-consuming, which may harm the interests of some people.

在大多数情况下，印度做出的决定是由议会博弈做出的，并得到部分选民的支持。因此，决策可能会更混乱，耗时更长，可能会损害部分人群的利益。

China's military strength is much stronger than India's, and its budget is more than three times that of India. This military strength, coupled with China's stronger economic foundation and deeper technical capabilities, enables China to give full play to its influence in the Asia Pacific region and even the world.

中国的军事力量比印度要强大得多，其预算是印度的三倍多，这种军事实力，再加上中国更雄厚的经济基础和更精深的技术能力，使中国能够充分发挥在亚太地区乃至全球的影响力。

China is the fifth largest member of the United Nations Security Council. Its defense budget is close to $200 billion. India, which has 1.4 million national defense forces and a budget of more than $73 billion in fiscal year 2020, can be said to be nothing compared. However, both countries have nuclear weapons and millions of field troops.

中国是联合国安理会第五大成员国，其国防预算接近2000亿美元，拥有140万国防军，2020财年预算超过730亿美元的印度与之相比可以说是小巫见大巫，但这两个国家都拥有核武器和数百万人的野战部队。

China has the world's largest industrial system, known as the "world factory". China has moved from backward to leading. It occupies a leading position in almost all manufacturing fields such as shipbuilding. Its huge infrastructure construction capacity is unmatched by any other country.

中国拥有全球最大的工业体系，被称为“世界工厂”，中国已经从落后走向领先，在造船等几乎所有制造业领域占据领先地位，其庞大的基础设施建设的能力是任何其他国家都无法比拟的。

India simply cannot compare with China's industrial, financial or infrastructure capabilities. Only Europe as a whole, or the United States, can compete with China in this field.

印度根本无法与中国的工业、金融或基础设施能力相比。只有欧洲作为一个整体，或者说美国，才有可能在这一领域与中国竞争。

Even with the full support of Finance and technology from Japan, India can only compete in such sub industries, but this can only be achieved when Japan's technology, finance and economy keep pace with India. Obviously, this is impossible.

即使有来自日本金融和技术的全面支持，印度也只能在这一类的子行业中竞争，但这只有在日本的技术、金融和经济与印度并驾齐驱的情况下才能实现，显然这是不可能的。

China's military science and technology has developed rapidly, and hypersonic weapon experiments have been successful repeatedly. They have the ability to quickly transfer the entire missile regiment from one theater to another, enabling them to respond to rapid force emergencies.

中国的军事科技发展迅速，高超音速武器实验屡屡成功。他们有能力快速地将整个导弹团从一个战区转移到另一个战区，使他们能够应对快速发展的部队突发事件。

India has not invested in such a large ballistic missile arsenal, so it cannot carry out the same level of force projection in this category.

印度没有投资这么大的弹道导弹武库，因此无法在这一类别中进行同样水平的武力投射。

Although India has invested a lot of money in Anti Ballistic Missile and anti satellite weapon capabilities, it is a defense capability rather than a power projection capability. In the short term, India cannot really protect itself from ballistic missile attacks with existing defense measures.

虽然印度在反弹道导弹和反卫星武器能力方面投入了大量资金，但这是一种防御能力，而不是一种力量投射能力，从短期来看，印度无法用现有的防御措施真正保护自己免受弹道导弹的袭击。

China is investing heavily in robots and artificial intelligence and has become a world leader in this field. Many pending technological innovations may be driven by artificial intelligence and robotics, so China is sure to make large-scale investment in this field to meet long-term challenges.

中国正在大力投资机器人和人工智能，并已经成为这一领域的世界领导者。许多尚未到来的技术创新可能是由人工智能和机器人技术推动的，因此中国肯定会在这一领域进行大规模投资，以迎接长期挑战。

Compared with China, India's investment in such future technologies is insignificant, and India is more concerned with infrastructure and job creation than cutting-edge technology.

与中国相比，印度在此类未来技术方面的投资微不足道，印度更关心的是基础设施和创造就业，而不是尖端技术。

Although India is a major player in the fields of computer, ites services and technology, and it has proved its ability to manufacture supercomputers, including operating systems in the gigaflop category, the technology and funds in these fields are often controlled by Japan and Western countries, and India has no autonomy at all.

印度虽然是计算机、ITES服务和技术领域的主要参与者，它已经证明自己有能力制造超级计算机，包括gigaflop类别中的操作系统，但这些领域的技术和资金往往被日本和西方国家把持，印度根本没有自主权。

China is also a pioneer in the field of quantum communication. It has built the world's first operational national quantum communication network, which gives China a leading edge in the field of anti hacker communication.

中国还是量子通信领域的先驱力量，已经建成了世界上第一个可运行的国家级量子通信网络，这让中国在反黑客通信领域上获得了领先优势。

China takes the lead in this field, but India is a powerful country in the field of electronic warfare. From sporadic public reports, it has some ongoing confidential research in the field of high-energy physics, which can make up for India's weakness in quantum communication.

中国在该领域领先，但印度在电子战领域是一个有能力的大国，从零星的公开报道来看，它在高能物理领域有一些正在进行的机密研究，这些能力可以弥补印度在量子通信方面的弱点。

Therefore, China is stronger than India in many aspects, but India also has its own advantages. These advantages are broad enough. India and China are destined to coexist as neighbors, civilized entities, friendly powers in some fields and competitors in other categories.

因此，中国在很多方面都比印度强大，但印度也有自己的优势，这些优势足够广泛，印度和中国注定要作为邻国、文明实体、某些领域的友好大国和其他类别的竞争对手共存。

Time will tell us whether they move towards confrontation as hostile powers or reconciliation as neighbors. So far, this trend seems to be good for India and the world.

时间会告诉我们，他们是作为敌对大国走向对抗，还是作为邻国走向和解。到目前为止，趋势线似乎表明了后一种趋势，这对中国、印度和世界都有好处。

高山流水

日本网友：韩国总在国际赛事使用违规手段，该取消其办赛资格吗？

北京冬奥会正进行得如火如荼，可赛场内外总会有一些不愉快的事情发生，比如恶意犯规，民间的情绪对抗等等，日本网友在美版知乎Quora上提问道：韩国总在一些国际赛事使用肮脏手段，他们应该被取消办赛资格吗？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，很多网友都表示同意。

问题：韩国总在一些国际赛事中使用肮脏手段，他们应该被取消办赛资格吗？

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美国网友比尔•里奇的回答

Yeah！There are many scandals in South Korea:

同意，韩国在各大赛事上发生的丑闻不在少数：

At the Asian Games held in Seoul in 1986, the Koreans sent 187 waitresses to the Asian Games Village unkindly to seduce Chinese and Japanese athletes. The Chinese team had strict discipline and no one made a big mistake. Many athletes in the Japanese team succeeded in the trick because they couldn't stand loneliness, which made their scores plummet.

1986年在首尔举行的亚运会上，韩国人不怀好意地派出187名女服务员到亚运村勾引中国和日本运动员，中国队纪律严明，没有人因此犯下大错，而日本队有很多运动员因为耐不住寂寞，使得韩国方面得诡计得逞，这让他们的分数直线下降。

During the 2002 World Cup between South Korea and Japan, it was well known that South Korea bought off the referee. In the match between Italy and South Korea in the eighth finals, it attacked the Italians and Spaniards with a black whistle.

2002年韩日世界杯期间，众所周知，韩国收买了裁判，八分之一决赛意大利VS韩国的比赛上，用黑哨攻击了意大利人和西班牙人。

世界杯

The specific details can be found that the referee not only unexpectedly blew away the obvious good ball of the Italian team, but also turned a blind eye to tieweikoko's elbow bleeding. Therefore, the 2002 World Cup is regarded as one of the darkest events of FIFA. It can be said that this is a shame that South Korea can never wash away, or they don't think it is a shame at all.

具体细节可以查到，裁判不仅出人意料地将意大利队那粒明显的好球吹掉，铁卫科科被肘击出血他也视而不见，02年世界杯也因此被视为国际足联最黑暗的赛事之一，可以说这是韩国永远无法洗刷得耻辱，或者他们根本不认为这是耻辱。

In the women's 1500 meter final of the 2006 Turin Olympic Games, three South Koreans risked fouls to interfere with Wang Meng, who took the lead.

在2006年都灵奥运会女子1500米决赛中，三名韩国人为干扰取得领先优势的王濛而不惜面临犯规的风险。

At the 2009 World Cup in Japan, South Korean players pushed the helmet of Chinese athlete Zhou Yang, which caused the latter to fall off the runway due to gravity and hit his head on the fence.

在2009年的日本世界杯上，韩国球员推着中国运动员周扬的头盔，导致后者因为重力从跑道上掉下来，头部撞到了栅栏上。

In the women's 1000m semi-final of the 2010 short track speed skating world championships, Zhou Yang, who appeared in the first round of individual events, was brought down by South Korean player Park Shengyi, and the opponent's skate fell directly on Zhou Yang's ankle. Finally, Zhou Yang was carried out of the field on a stretcher.

2010年短道速滑世锦赛女子1000米半决赛，个人项目第一轮出场的周洋被韩国选手朴胜义带倒 对方的冰刀直接落在了周洋脚踝上 最终周洋被担架抬出赛场。

短道速滑

In the 2014 Asian Ice Hockey League match, a South Korean player knocked Zhang Cheng to the ground in a malicious collision near the midfield. Zhang Cheng tried to find the other party's theory behind him, but being pushed, bumped, provoked and even fought by the other party is a common scene in the professional ice rink.

2014年亚洲冰球联盟比赛，韩国队员在中场附近的一次恶意冲撞将张铖撞翻在地，张铖起身后试图找对方理论，但是被对方不断推搡，其实撞、挑衅，甚至打斗是职业冰场上很常见的。

Zhang Cheng therefore waved his fist and beat the other party wildly. The South Korean team members' center of gravity was unstable, so they could only hold Zhang Cheng in a corner and resist. Seeing that Zhang Cheng completely suppressed the South Korean team members, the referee had to separate them. The South Korean team members seemed very unconvinced. However, because they couldn't beat Zhang Cheng, it was worth persuading them to leave under the persuasion of their teammates.

张铖因此挥动拳头狂揍对方，韩国队员重心不稳，只能使劲抱着张铖负隅反抗。眼看张铖完全压制韩国队员，裁判不得不将两人分开，韩国队员显得非常不服气，不过由于打不过张铖，值得在队友的劝说下离开。

At the closing ceremony of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games, Korean athletes irradiated the Chinese audience and leaders with a laser pen. Is this something that normal people can do?

在2014年青年奥运会闭幕式上，韩国运动员用激光笔向中国的观众和领导们照射，这是正常人能办出来的事情？

In the quarter finals of the men's badminton team of the 2014 Incheon Asian Games, in order to win, the South Korean team deliberately changed the air conditioning wind of the venue to affect the play of the Japanese team. The South Korean team finally won 3-2.

2014年仁川亚运会羽毛球男子队在四分之一决赛中，韩国队为了取得胜利，居然通过故意改变场地的空调风来影响日本队的发挥，韩国队最终以3-2获胜。

In the 2010-2011 season of Short Track Speed Skating World Cup, in the final sprint stage of the competition, Han Jialiang and Kim Byung Joon of South Korea made physical contact while competing for position. Both of them fell out of the track.

短道速滑世界杯2010-2011赛季，在比赛最后的冲刺阶段，韩佳良和韩国的金炳俊在争抢位置的时候出现身体接触，两个人双双摔出赛道。

Kim Byung Joon first fell to the baffle on the outside track. He stretched out his legs, and the skate was facing Han Jialiang. Intentionally or unintentionally, he "waited" for Han Jialiang to fall. Under the huge inertia, Han Jialiang bumped his body into Jin Bingjun's double foot skate. On the spot, his body was cut by the sharp skate, and his blood stained the ice rink red.

金炳俊在外道首先摔向挡板，他伸开双腿冰刀正对着韩佳良，有意无意的“等待”韩佳良也摔过来，韩佳良在巨大的惯性下，身体撞在金炳俊的双脚冰刀上，当场身体就被锋利的冰刀割破，鲜血染红了冰场。

At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, taekwondo athlete Jones hit his opponent 86 times and his opponent 32 times. With such obvious advantages, the referee awarded the gold medal to the then host South Korea.

1988年首尔奥运会上，跆拳道运动员琼斯击打对手86次，对手击打32次。凭借如此明显的优势，裁判官却将金牌授予了当时的东道主韩国。

In the gymnastics competition of the 2002 Busan Asian Games, South Korea wanted to increase the number of gold medals because of concerns about the strength of other countries (such as China and Japan), and three people tied for the championship on the high bar for the first time! Because 20 of the 42 judges are Korean.

2002年釜山亚运会体操比赛中，由于担心其他国家实力太强（如中国、日本等），韩国希望增加金牌数量，高杠也首次出现三人并列冠军！因为42名法官中有20名是韩国人。

At the end of the match between Chinese Taipei and South Korea in the 1997 East Asian Games in Busan, the remaining game time was secretly transferred by the South Korean from 10.9 seconds to 1 minute ago. Fortunately, this small hand was discovered by the Taipei team, which did not let the Korean plot succeed.

1997年釜山东亚运动会，中华台北队对阵韩国队的比赛尾声，剩余比赛时间被韩国人“偷梁换柱”，从10.9秒暗调到1分钟前。还好这种小手段被台北队员发现了，没有让韩国人的阴谋得逞。

In the badminton match of the Asian Games in Seoul in 1998, the referee unilaterally supported the South Korean players. At that time, the Chinese team was competing for the best male badminton player among the four trumps, but it was almost collapsed by the referee's judgment because it often found a fair ball and finally let the South Korean win.

1998年在汉城亚运会羽毛球比赛中，裁判单方面支持韩国选手，当时中国队正在争夺四大王牌中的最佳男子羽毛球运动员，但被裁判的判决整得几乎崩溃，原因是经常发现公平球，最终让韩国人获胜。

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中国网友理查德•王的回答

What we are talking about now is the pure Olympic Games, but many multimedia reports intentionally or unintentionally guide the audience's emotions. The power of a country's media system does have a great impact on the views of its people.

我们现在谈论的是纯洁的奥运会，可很多媒体的报道却有意无意得引导观众得情绪，一个国家的媒体系统的力量确实对其人民的观点有很大的影响。

I don't know what people in other countries think of the so-called "fairness" in the Olympic Games. For the Chinese people, we respect it very much. We will not punish athletes without evidence (video or other visible evidence), and the Chinese media do not always blindly defend our country, because fairness and justice come first in front of sports events.

我不知道其他国家的人如何看待奥运会中的所谓“公平”。对中国人来说，我们非常尊重它，我们不会在没有证据（视频或其他可见证据）的情况下处罚运动员，中国媒体也不总是盲目地捍卫我们的国家，因为在体育赛事面前，公平正义才是第一位的。

赛事直播

By the way, Chinese audiences are not ignorant of sports. Over the years, especially after the Beijing Olympic Games, we have cultivated many sports lovers and experienced coaches. They focus on the Olympic Games and other major events, know the relevant rules very well, and don't try to deceive them.

顺便说一句，中国观众对体育并不是一无所知。多年来，特别是北京奥运会之后，我们培育了许多体育爱好者和经验丰富的教练，他们专注于奥运会等各大赛事，非常了解相关的规则，不要试图去蒙骗他们。

They are also watching the game. They can see what happened in the game. They can't stand being cheated, so it's extremely wrong for South Korea to do this and pretend that we don't know, which can only lead to protests and complaints.

他们也在观看比赛，他们可以看到比赛中发生的一切，他们受不了被欺骗，所以韩国这样做并假装我们不知道是极其错误的，只能引发抗议和投诉。

If we do make a mistake, we never deny it and face it calmly, but if you say that an athlete should be punished when pushed from behind by another athlete, if you say that the mistakes of others should be borne by us, sorry, we can't accept it and won't bear it.

如果我们确实犯了错误，我们从不否认，坦然面对，但是如果你说一名运动员被另一名运动员从后面推搡时应该受到惩罚，如果你说其他人的错误应该由我们承担，对不起，我们不能接受，也不会承担。

In addition, no one's hard work should be ignored. Koreans can be proud of their athletes, but they should also be ashamed of their dirty means, but it may be difficult for them to do so now.

另外，任何人的辛勤工作都不应该被忽视。韩国人可以为他们的运动员感到骄傲，但也应该为他们肮脏得手段而蒙羞，但现在让他们做到这一点可能还很困难。