印度网友始终对六十年前的那场惨败耿耿于怀，在强烈的民族自尊心的驱使下，有些人甚至对当时的失败矢口否认，在海外知名问答网站Quora上，印度网友问：1962年中印冲突为什么印度输得这么惨？这引起了各国网友的围观和热议，他们认为高估自身实力的印度就不该发起挑衅。
问题：1962年中印冲突为什么印度输得这么惨？
英国专家马道克•威廉姆斯的回答
The root cause is the short-sighted policy and cowardly attitude of political leaders. In addition, there are other factors that jointly lead to this result.
根本原因是印度政治领导人短视的政策和懦弱的态度，除此之外，还有其他因素共同导致了这一让结果。
According to the post-war report, the following are the reasons for India's failure in the Sino Indian War:
根据战后报告，以下是印度在中印战争中失败的原因：
1. Weak leadership: the country's political leadership is too weak and inefficient.
1.领导能力薄弱：该国的政治领导层过于软弱，而且效率低下。
Jawaharlal Nehru is an excellent manager, but he has no strategy in protecting the country from external threats. The failure of the China India war and the Kashmir issue are the best examples.
贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁（Jawaharlal Nehru）是一位优秀的管理者，但在保护国家免受外部威胁方面却毫无谋略，中印战争的失败和克什米尔问题就是最好的例子。
2. Poor logistical support: it is generally believed that the Indian army ran out of food, artillery and ammunition supplies during the war.
2.后勤保障能力极差：人们普遍认为，印度军队在战争期间耗尽了食品、火炮和弹药供应。
In 1961, Nehru appointed lieutenant general B.M. Kaul as army chief of staff. General Kaul believed that China would not retaliate when India sent patrols to areas disputed with China. However, when the Indian army was lazy, the Chinese slowly began to surround Indian positions.
1961年，尼赫鲁任命B.M.考尔中将为陆军参谋长，考尔将军相信，当印度向与中国有争议的地区派遣巡逻队时，中国不会进行报复，然而，就在印度军队怠惰懈怠时，中国人慢慢包围了印度阵地。
On October 12, when Nehru announced that he had ordered the Indian army to drive the Chinese out of NEFA, the Indian army was unprepared, poorly equipped and even without suitable winter clothes, and was finally defeated.
10月12日，尼赫鲁宣布他已命令印度军队将中国人赶出NEFA时，印度军队毫无准备，装备不良，甚至没有合适的冬衣，最终被打得溃不成军。
3. Restrictions on the use of the Indian Air Force (IAF): the Indian leadership restricted the air force (IAF) from attacking the Chinese army. The Indian Air Force was stronger than China at that time. India could have achieved a certain degree of advantage, but this decision was stupid.
3.限制使用印度空军（IAF）：印度领导层限制空军（IAF）攻击中国军队，印度的空军在当时比中国更强大，印度本能够取得一定程度上的优势，可这一决策简直愚蠢。
4. Mistakes and dereliction of duty by senior military and front-line commanders:
4.军队高层和一线指挥官的失误和渎职：
According to the post-war report prepared by the Commission to investigate the main reasons for India's disastrous defeat in China, the military leadership should also be responsible for the defeat. The then army chief of staff and the chief of general staff were listed as "guilty" in the report, and they were accused of playing down the threat and situation for a long time.
根据该委员会为调查印度在中国手中惨败的主要原因而编写的战后报告，军队领导层同样应该为溃败负责，当时的陆军参谋长和总参谋长在报告中被列为“有罪”，他们被指控长期淡化威胁和形势。
5. Ignore the information provided by general solat: General solat of the Indian army prepared a report and submitted a report to the Ministry of the interior, warning the political leadership that China will fight back in the face of Indian provocation, but the military and Nehru cabinet took it lightly.
5.忽略索拉特将军提供的信息：印度军队的索拉特将军准备了一份报告，并向内政部提交了一份报告，警告政治领导层，面对印度的挑衅，中国将做出反击，可军方和尼赫鲁内阁却淡然处之。
As early as August, China began to accumulate weapons, ammunition and rations. There are signs that they are preparing for war. However, the arrogant Indian military and leadership turned a blind eye to all this.
早在8月，中国就开始积累武器、弹药和口粮，有迹象表明他们正在积极备战，然而，傲慢的印度军方和领导层对这一切视而不见。
If the recommendations in the warning were implemented in time, food and necessary supplies were provided to the army, the air force was ordered to take comprehensive action, Nehru and Menon leaders took practical methods, and the commander began a transparent dialogue with the soldiers, a large number of casualties and large-scale failures could have been avoided.
如果及时执行警告中的建议，向军队提供食物和必要的补给，命令空军采取全面行动，尼赫鲁和梅农等领导人采取切实可行的方法，指挥官开始与士兵进行透明对话，大量伤亡和大规模失败本来是可以避免的。
The political and military leadership misread China's foreign policy, ignored the preparation of the Indian army and made irreparable mistakes, which made India suffer a humiliating defeat in the China India war in 1962. However, the only outstanding thing is the steely will and cold courage of the soldiers, which is meaningless, They fought the wrong war with the wrong opponent under the wrong leadership.
政治和军事领导层误读了中国的外交政策，忽视了印度军队的准备，犯下了无可弥补错误，使印度在1962年的中印战争中蒙受了耻辱性的失败，然而唯一突出的是士兵们钢铁般的意志和冷酷的勇气，可这却毫无意义，他们是在错误的领导下和错误的对手打了一场错误的战争。
印度网友南特•高瑞夫的回答
The direct reason for the failure of the war was Nehru, and even the top Chinese leaders could not understand why he initiated disputes, created contradictions, and then triggered the war.
战争失败的直接原因是尼赫鲁，这完全是自作自受，连中方高层都不能理解他为什么要发起争端制造矛盾，进而引发战争。
He released false news and wanted to kidnap domestic public opinion. In the end, he was kidnapped by false news.
他发布了假消息，想要绑架国内舆论，最后反而被假消息绑架了。
China offered to settle the dispute through peaceful negotiations, but he ordered the army to march towards China and refused any negotiations.
中国提出和平谈判解决争端，他却命令军队向中国进军，并拒绝任何谈判。
At first, he said non violence and non cooperation, which forced the Chinese army to try to avoid hurting Indian soldiers in the conflict.
起初，他说的是非暴力和不合作，使得中国军队不得不在冲突中尽量避免伤害印度军人。
But then he authorized the Indian army to shoot the Chinese in order to expel them faster.
但随后，他授权印度军队射杀中国人，以便更快地驱逐中国人。
As the Indian army gradually deepened, they crossed the McMahon line, which is the northern part of Indian territory and the place where the Chinese were shot.
随着印度军队的逐渐深入，他们越过了麦克马洪线，那里是是印度领土的北部，也是射杀中国人的地方。
China believes that Nehru launched aggression and that not accepting negotiations means unconditional surrender.
中国认为尼赫鲁发动了侵略，不接受谈判意味着印度必须无条件投降。
So the war broke out.
于是战争爆发了。
Compared with Chinese revolutionaries, the strategy of the Indian leadership is not an opponent at all. China once persuaded Nehru that Communist China was not India's enemy, and then recovered aksaichin and other border territories. In the window period of the Cuban missile crisis, the United States and the Soviet Union had no time to take care of it, and they successfully taught India a lesson.
然而，和中国的革命家相比，印度领导层的谋略根本不是对手。中国曾试图说服尼赫鲁，称共产主义中国不是印度的敌人，随之收复了阿克赛钦等边界领土，在古巴导弹危机的窗口期，美苏无暇顾及，他们顺利地把印度教训了一顿。
Political intervention in the army - the then defense minister v k Menon violently intervened in the army's combat affairs, and Prime Minister Nehru once voiced his support. Therefore, general timaya, India's most capable Army General at that time, had to resign in 1959.
政治干预军队——当时的国防部长梅农粗暴干预军队的作战事务，尼赫鲁总理曾发声支持他，因此当时印度最有能力的陆军将领——蒂马亚将军不得不在1959年提出辞呈，这使印度军方领导层出现分裂。
Incompetent Army leaders and field commanders - the same Indian army, which won many important battles in World War II, but the departure of British officers after independence promoted many incompetent officers to higher positions.
不称职的陆军领导和战地指挥官——同一支印度军队，它在第二次世界大战中赢得了许多重要的战役，但独立后英国军官的离开促使许多不称职的军官晋升到更高的职位，才不配位，必有灾殃。
Despite all the political and logistical problems, it is still difficult to understand why the Indian air force is not used. India should have used its air force better than the Chinese air force.
尽管存在所有政治和后勤问题，可直到今天，人们还难以理解为什么没有使用印度空军，印度本应该使用其优于中国空军的空军。
Ignore India's defense - independent India ignores India's defense because India has other priorities. Therefore, the combat effectiveness of the Indian army is affected, and the Indian army is unable to resist China's actions in the eastern region. But the war of 1962 proved to be a wake-up call. When Pakistan attacked India in 1962 and 1971, the Indian army was fully prepared.
忽视印度的防务建设——独立的印度忽视了其防务的建设，因为印度还有其他优先事项。因此，印度军队的作战效能受到影响，印度军队无法对抗中国在东区的行动。但1962年的战争被证明是警钟，当巴基斯坦在1962年和1971年袭击印度时，印度军队做好了充分准备。
The war of 1962 will always be the lowest point in Indian history. Despite the long lost war, the memory of the war is still fresh in India's memory. The war has created the India we see today.
1962年的战争将永远是印度历史上的最低点。尽管这场输掉了的战争时间已久，但战争的记忆在印度的记忆中依然鲜活，这场战争造就了我们今天看到的印度。
The defeat in 1962 marked the end of the Nehru Era. Nehru could never recover from his failure against China. After all, at the moment when the western world opposed Communist China, the Chinese threw his Hindi slogan of "defeat China" into the dustbin. The war also exposed the Indian Communist Party that supported China at the expense of its motherland India in 1962.
1962年的溃败标志着尼赫鲁时代的结束，尼赫鲁永远无法从对中国的失败中恢复过来，毕竟，就在西方世界反对共产主义中国的时刻，中国人把他“打败中国”的印地语口号扔进垃圾箱，这场战争还暴露了1962年以牺牲祖国印度为代价支持中国的印度共产党。
发表于 2022-2-9 14:38:53
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