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Is China really a backward country? 中国真是一个落后国家吗? 
Quora评论翻译： 搬运：外网翻译 Arman Siani, Engineer, Entrepreneur, Traveler No it isn’t. Consider the following facts: 不是，鉴于以下事实： China is currently THE largest economy on the planet, with a GDP PPP at $23 trillion, as estimated by the IMF. On top of that, it is one of the fastest growing economy in the world. It has a decent GDP PPP per capits of $14k a year, easily placing it in the middle income category of nations. 据国际货币基金组织估计，中国目前是全球最大经济体，按购买力平价计算的GDP为23万亿美元。最重要的是，中国是世界上增长最快的经济体之一。它的人均GDP购买力为14000美元/年，轻松跻身中等收入国家之列。 Its armed forces is capable, and is rapidly modernizing. While obviously its military is not as advanced as the US or Russia, it has state of the art ICBMs, cyberwarfare weapons, anti satellite weapons and is rapidly developing other capabilities including next gen SSBN subs, Electromagnetic weapons and advanced laser weapons. It is also one of the world’s first nations to test an anti ship cruise missile. 其武装力量正迅速实现现代化。尽管中国的军事实力显然不如美国或俄罗斯先进，但中国拥有先进的洲际弹道导弹、网络战武器、反卫星武器，而且正在迅速发展其它能力，包括下一代弹道导弹战略核潜艇、电磁武器和先进的激光武器。它也是世界上首批测试反舰巡航导弹的国家之一。 China is the first nation in the world which has successfully developed and launched a quantum satellite, potentially giving it an edge over other nations. 中国是世界上第一个已成功开发并推出量子卫星的国家，使它比其他国家更有优势。 China has some of the best port and rail facilities and has extensive road infrastructure. China’s high speed rail network is among the very best in the world. 中国有最好的港口和铁路设施，拥有广泛的道路基础设施。中国的高铁网络是世界上最好的铁路网之一。 China, according to some sources, is the top spender on robotics research. It is leading the way in automation, and may be well poised to lead the upcoming robotics revolution, which is seen by many as the biggest economic revolution since the Industrial Revolution 2 centuries ago. 据说,中国是机器人研究投入最大的国家，在自动化领域处于领先地位，很可能会引领即将到来的机器人革命。许多人认为，机器人革命是自两个世纪前的工业革命以来最大规模的经济革命。 China is the biggest manufacturer of Iron and Steel, producing more than 800MMT of steel a year, with its closest competitor producing only one eighth of that. 中国是最大的钢铁制造商，每年生产超过8亿吨,与它最接近的竞争对手的产量也只有他的八分之一。 The above are just some of the amazing achievements the PRC has been able to achieve. 以上只是中国取得的部分令人惊叹的成就。 Of course China still faces plenty of problems. There are still large regions which are underdeveloped, with people living in poverty. Further, China has significant issues with regards to pollution, specifically, air and water pollution. Corruption is still big issue and the government is trying hard to stamp it out. 当然，中国仍然面临很多问题。还有很大一部分不发达地区，在那些地区人民生活贫困。此外，中国在污染方面存在重大问题，特别是空气和水污染。腐败仍然是一个大问题，政府正努力消除腐败。 However, it should not distract from the fact that the nation has been able to transform itself form a poor backwater into a world superpower, lifting 600 million people out of poverty, all within a span of 3 decades. While it still has a long way to go, China can at most, be accurately classified as a developing nation and under no circumstances can it be called a “backward” country. There is a huge difference between those two classifications. 然而，我们不应忽视这样一个事实：中国已经把自己从一个穷乡僻壤变成一个世界超级大国，在30年的时间里让6亿人摆脱了贫困。虽然中国还有很长的路要走，但中国最多只能被准确归类为发展中国家，在任何情况下都不能被称为“落后”国家。这两种分类有很大区别。 来源： /46135.html 译者：Jessica.Wu Ray Comeau, A decade in China, interest in geopolitics As a North American living in China for a number of years and having had the opportunity to travel to many parts of China plus to about 20 other countries; IMO there are parts of China that is as backward as most southern US states, Mexico, eastern European countries and a most of South Asia. 作为一个在中国生活多年的北美人，曾有机会到中国许多地区旅行，还去过大约20个其他国家。在我看来，中国的部分地区与美国南部大部分州、墨西哥、东欧国家和南亚大部分国家一样落后。 Other parts of China that is as backwards as Canada, most or north and mid-western US states, UK, Spain, Ireland, Italy, etc. 其它地区则和加拿大、美国大部分或中西部州、英国、西班牙、爱尔兰、意大利等国家一样。 China has built a network of 20,000 kilometers of high speed rail with 1 billion riders p. a. This is followed by approx. 3,000 km by Spain, Germany and Japan. China currently operates the 3 fastest supercomputers, operates it’s own space station and GPS satellite system. 中国已经建成了2万公里的高铁网络，每年运输10亿人次。而西班牙、德国和日本只有3000公里。中国目前拥有3台最快的超级计算机，拥有自己的空间站和GPS卫星系统。 The society is very stable and streets are very safe even at night. But things are not perfect. There is still some poverty and petty crime and corruption is coming under control bit by bit etc. 中国社会稳定，即使晚上的街道也很安全。但事情并不完美，中国还存在贫困问题和一些轻微犯罪 The country has concerns …….. about its society facing moral decline. This is surely backward to the modern countries who are concerned about immigration, poverty, crime and terrorism etc. 该国担心其社会面临道德衰退，这肯定是落后于那些关注移民、贫困、犯罪和恐怖主义等问题的现代国家。 Anonymous It’s very hard to give a clear answer. 很难给个明确的回答。 As you know China is the world’s second largest economy, they have more millionaires than any other country in the world, they may be the first humans on Mars in a few years, everyone’s taking foreign holidays, everyone has a smartphone. 如你所知，中国是世界第二大经济体，他们的百万富翁比世界上任何其他国家都多，他们可能是几年来第一个登上火星的人，人人都在度假，人人都有一部智能手机。 But at times even living in a first tier city it can be very hard for someone used to western/developed countries. is real, there’s a genuine lack of class from many of the nouveau rich, a real culture of greed, a vulgar focus on money at the expense of all else (the most materialistic country in the world apparently), absolute endemic corruption and bribery, over two thirds (68%) of men smoke, people are incredibly selfish at times e.g. shouting on the subway, playing music loudly with no earphones, spitting, public urination, sometimes even on train platforms or inside trains, staring, lack of respect for privacy… are these cultural differences? Yes, of course. But to western eyes (and indeed many younger Chinese people) these are undeniably ‘backwards’. And as for the blatant copyright theft and food scare scandals…. they horrify me. 但有时，即使住在一线城市，对一个习惯了西方/发达国家的人来说也很难适应。许多新贵缺乏品味、文化崇尚贪婪、一切向钱看(世界上最唯物主义的国家)、超过三分之二(68%)的男性吸烟、人们极度自私有时在地铁里大喊大叫、不戴耳机大声播放音乐，随地吐痰、在公共场合小便，有时甚至在火车站台或车厢里、盯着别人看，不尊重他人隐私，这些是文化差异吗?当然是，但在西方人(以及许多中国年轻人)看来，这无疑是“落后”。至于明目张胆的版权盗窃和食品丑闻，他们更然我震惊。 It’ll take a generation or two before some of these are ironed out, and some will never be in my opinion. The software hasn’t caught up with the hardware yet. 需要一两代人的时间才能解决其中一些问题，在我看来，有些问题永远也解决不了。他们的软件还没有赶上硬件。 So in conclusion, I don’t know if ‘backwards’ is entirely the right word. 总之，我不知道“落后”这个词是否完全恰当。 Mark Dallas, Professor,Political Science & Asian Studies,Union College NY There is no universally agreed definition of “backward” and in the social sciences, it is a word that is no longer used. “落后”一词并没有统一的定义，在社会科学中，这个词已经不再使用。 The reason it is no longer used is that it implicitly assumes that human history is unilinear and moves “forward” or “backward.” 其原因是它含蓄地假定人类历史的发展是单线的，是“向前”或“向后”的。 But, even if you want to think of history as unilinear in some way (which I do not recommend), it is still best to first define what an “advanced” country is. Are you referring to certain VALUES? Or, certain INSTITUTIONS? Or, just money and technology? 但是，即使你想以某种方式将历史看作是单线的(我不推荐这样做)，最好还是先定义一下什么是“先进”国家。你指的是某个值吗?或者,某些机构?或者，仅仅是金钱和技术? One can certainly construct a unilinear continuum and then judge countries along that continuum, but you will run into many contradictions quickly. 一个人当然可以构建一个单线连续体，然后根据这个连续体评判一个国家，但你很快就会遇到许多矛盾。 For instance, the US has been very advanced in the field of nuclear weaponry in terms of technology and military might, but we also are the only country to use a nuclear weapon — twice on Japan, and in a way which I think could have been executed more humanely. See my answer on this question here: Mark Dallas’ answer to Is there a reason why nuclear bombs were only used on Japan and not on Germany?. (FYI, as I argue there, Germany had already surrendered when the bomb was deployable, but I argue that it would have been plausible and more humane for the US to have deployed a “demonstration” bomb on Japan first). 例如，美国在核武器技术和军事实力方面已经非常先进，但我们也是唯一一个使用核武器的国家——在日本使用过两次，而且我认为这种方式本可以更人道地执行。可以看看我对这个问题的回答：为何原子弹只用于日本而不用于德国。(顺便说一句，在部署原子弹时德国就已经投降了，但我认为，如果美国先在日本部署一枚“示范性”原子弹，可能会更合理、更人道)。 But, as for this question, in which way do you mean more “advanced”? 但是，对于这个问题，你觉得哪种方式更为“先进”? Orly Seagull, Innovation Facilitator & VP Digital Marketing (2005-present) In many aspects, China is already leading the pack. For example … Shared Biking is a new hype Chinese cities. In Shanghai only, there are around 1.5 million shared bikes. The service is extremely cheap, environmental friendly and healthy. All around China there are estimated to be over 20 million rides a day with shared bikes. 在许多方面，中国已经处于领先地位，例如： 共享单车是中国城市的一种新潮流。 仅在上海，就有大约150万辆共享单车。 这项服务非常便宜、环保、健康。 据估计，在中国各地，每天有超过两千多万人使用共享单车。 George Foss, Renaissance Man, a Jack of All Trades. at Company and Organization Are Mutually Exclusive Terms. Define backward country. 落后国家如何定义？ Currently, China has the ability to launch astronauts into outer space. The US has the technology and resources, however conservative politicians are more interested the commercialization of outer space rather than the exploration. 目前，中国有能力将宇航员送入太空。美国拥有技术和资源，然而保守的政客们更感兴趣的是外太空的商业化而不是探索。 China launched and landed a Robotic Lunar Landing including a lunar rover on December 14, 2013. China plans a manned mission to the moon circa 2020. The US scaled back it’s space program at the height of Apollo program almost a half century ago. 2013年12月14日，中国发射了登月探测器，携月球车一起登陆月球。中国计划在2020年左右进行载人登月。大约半个世纪前，美国在阿波罗计划的鼎盛时期缩减了太空计划的规模。 China developed an Atomic Bomb without help from the Soviet Union, and during a period of animosity and distrust of the USSR and the USA developed a Hydrogen Bomb within a very short time (shorter time period compared to the USSR or the USA) after wards. 中国在没有苏联帮助的情况下研制出了原子弹，在对苏联和美国的敌意和不信任之后，在很短的时间内(比苏联和美国短)研制出了氢弹。 Forbe’s magazine estimates China’s economy will surpass the US as early as 2018. China does have areas of poverty, however so does its rival the US. 福布斯杂志估计，中国经济最早将于2018年超过美国。中国确实有贫困地区，但其竞争对手美国也是如此。 China has a higher infant mortality rate per 1000 births than the US, but China has a significantly higher population. The US by comparison has a higher infant mortality rate than Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faroe Islands, Guam, South Korea, and a number of other countries New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Slovakia, Cuba, Slovenia, and Belarus. 中国每1000名新生儿的婴儿死亡率高于美国，但中国的人口数量明显高于美国。相比之下，美国婴儿死亡率高于波黑、法罗群岛、关岛、韩国，以及其他一些国家，如新喀里多尼亚、北马里亚纳群岛、斯洛伐克、古巴、斯洛文尼亚和白俄罗斯。 Bill Reich, former Retired Textook Marketer (2000-2016) Not at all. Han civilization goes back to long before any Europeans knew how to read and write. It is a very old civilization and not at all backward. The written form of the language is very complex but many people are literate. Quite a few people are bilingual as the various dialects are distinct languages that happen to have a flag and a government and a written system to unite them. Many people know Mandarin plus their local language. In addition, many people know English and/or Korean and/or Japanese. Industry and agriculture are both highly developed. Their culinary system is widely enjoyed and has influenced many other cuisines. Most outsiders don’t appreciate their music all that much, I certainly don’t, but it is highly developed and complex. 绝对不是。中国文明可以追溯到很久以前，那时欧洲人还不知道如何读写。这是一个非常古老的文明，一点也不落后。这种语言的书面形式很复杂，但很多人有读写能力。相当多的人会说两种语言，因为不同的方言是不同的语言，但有政府和书面系统来统一它们。很多人都会说普通话和他们的当地语言。此外，很多人会英语和/或韩语和/或日语。中国的工业和农业都高度发达。他们的烹饪体系广受欢迎，并影响了许多其它菜系。大多数外国人都不怎么欣赏他们的音乐，我也是，但他们的音乐是高度发达和复杂的。 There are areas of extreme poverty, by US standards, and remote, isolated areas that are cut off by geography but calling China backward is remarkably obtuse. 以美国的标准来看，有些地区极度贫困，而偏远地区因地理位置而被隔绝，但称中国落后明显是愚蠢的。 Christopher Sloane, U.S. Army, Military Tech, Firearm Nerd. Depends on what exactly you are looking for. If you require stats on the nation you will find China doing well in several categories as pointed out by others in previous posts. However if you are looking into the real China and want to see street level life and typical “goings on” I suggest three you tube channels to assist you with that answer. 这取决于你想了解什么。 如果你需要中国的统计数据，你会发现中国在几个方面都做得很好，就像之前的帖子中指出的那样。 Sean McDirmid, lived in Beijing, China (2007-2016) I really wonder if all these simplistic “does china suck” questions are strawmen meant to be knocked down to show how biased the west is, even though no one significant is making those claims, or an opportunity to present a what aboutism, which is doubly pointless given that the question is a straw man anyways. No, China is not really backwards. No country really is. But then China definitely has its problems, and if you visit China, you might run into some of those. Is China weird? Most definitely, it isn’t a developed country, don’t expect Beijing to be as nice as Tokyo or even Bangkok despite its fancy sky scrapers (Shanghai is better). 我真的很想知道问这种问题的人是不是就是为了表明西方的偏见有多严重，尽管没有一个重要人士提出这些问题。这些问题本身没有意义。 中国并不落后，但中国肯定有它的问题。如果去中国，你可能会遇到一些这样的问题。中国不是发达国家，别指望北京能像东京甚至曼谷那样好，尽管它也有摩天大楼(上海会更好)。 Robert Curry, studied at U.S. Marine Corps It really depends on your definition of backward , now doesn’t it ? If you mean technologically advanced then in some areas perhaps so. All countries have parts that meet that criteria, including the United states.I think there is far more to being an advanced country. Perhaps if you look at the happiness quotient and to what levels the population of any country aspire; you might find many countries who are more advanced then the technologically advance countries. Many countries do not want all the technology that is available .I think you need to redefine you question 这取决于你是怎么定义“落后”的，不是吗?如果你指的是技术，那么在某些领域也许是这样。所有国家都有符合这一标准的部分，包括美国。我认为，要成为一个发达国家，中国还有很长的路要走。如果你看看幸福指数，看看每个国家的人口渴望达到什么水平，你可能会发现许多国家比科技发达的国家更先进。许多国家并不想要现有的所有技术，我认为你需要重新定义你的问题。 JF D, Bachelor Computer Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016) Absolutely not. China is a developing country. It is true that China is behind other countries, like America, Britain etc. But China is developing its economy and other aspects in an extremely high speed. 绝对不是。 中国是一个发展中国家。诚然，中国落后于其他国家，如美国、英国等，但中国正在以极快的速度发展经济和其他方面。 Frank Halavy, Engineer, UCLA, still learning Relatively speaking, yes. China may look nice on the surface. But the society as a whole is backward. They are not innovators 相对来说,是的。 中国在表面上看起来不错。但是整个社会是落后的。他们不是创新者，而是模仿者。
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发表于 2018-9-30 11:18:37
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