印度网友问：中国明明只有3700年历史，为何他们要夸张到五千年？

高山流水

印度网友一向为自己国家作为四大文明古国之一而自豪甚至有点自傲，但对印度文明的中断一直深感遗憾，有印度网友在美版知乎Quora上提问道：中国明明只有3700年历史，为何他们要夸张到五千年？这个问题明显带有西方狭隘史观色彩，引起了各国网友的热议，他们撰文解释说：西方对中国历史时长的认定不应持有双重标准。

问题：中国明明只有3700年历史，为什么他们要夸张到五千年？

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美国学者乔恩•托马斯的回答

Have you ever heard of the first Pharaoh NAMMER of the first dynasty in ancient Egypt?

你听说过古埃及第一王朝首任法老纳默吗？

Historians do not know when he was born, what he did in his life, nor where his body was buried. However, it is generally believed that he is a part of Egyptian history.

历史学家不知道他生于何时，也不知道他一生中到底做了什么，更不知道他的尸体埋在哪里，然而，人们普遍认为他是埃及历史的一部分。

Why? Just because some ancient Egyptians wrote his name on some pieces of cloth or pottery!

为什么？仅仅因为一些古埃及人在一些布片或陶片上写下了他的名字！

In short, this is the basis and basis of "history". Sometimes, through archaeology, people can trace back to cultural relics at a specific time to confirm the authenticity of historical records. However, most of the time, we must rely on the written records of the ancients to understand the historical truth.

简而言之，这就是“历史”的基础和依据。有时，通过考古学，人们可以追溯到某个特定时间的文物，来印证史书记载的真假。然而，大多数时候，我们必须依靠古人的文字记录来了解历史真相。

Another example is king Gilgamesh of Mesopotamia.

再比如美索不达米亚的吉尔伽美什国王。

Historians can't tell exactly when he lived. We have never found his body, but his fairy tales have been circulating in the Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years.

历史学家也不能确切说出他活在什么时候，我们从未发现过他的尸体，关于他的神话故事却在阿拉伯半岛流传千年。

But people still regard him as a historical figure. According to the remaining relics, the history of Mesopotamia can be traced back to at least 4500 years ago.

但人们还是将他视为历史人物，根据残存的遗迹计算，美索不达米亚的历史至少可以追溯到4500年前。

Why should China be bound by higher standards: "Oh, they don't have conclusive archaeological evidence, which must mean that everything before the Shang Dynasty was fake!"

为什么中国需要受到更高标准的约束：“哦，他们没有确凿的考古证据，这一定意味着商代以前的东西都是假的！”

Ironically, this was instigated by Chinese historians in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

具有讽刺意味的是，这是由清末民初的中国历史学者煽动的。

At that time, the Western powers set off a frenzy of dividing up China. Some people tried to westernize China completely. China, as the oldest civilization that has continued to this day, has always been regarded by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty as "heaven, heaven and everything".

当时西方列强掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮，一部分人试图将中国全盘西化，中国作为延续至今的最古老的文明，一直被清朝统治者以“天朝上国，无所不有”自居。

In order to reduce the obstacles to the introduction of western theories into China, these people tried to deny and criticize Chinese traditional culture, This includes shortening China's history.

这部分人为了减少西方学说引进中国的阻碍，试图否认和批判中国传统文化，这其中就包括缩短中国的历史。

If China's history can not be traced back to the formation of Western civilization, then China has no reason to adhere to its own tradition, but should actively accept Western ideas, theories and lifestyles.

如果中国的历史不能追溯到西方文明形成之前，那么中国就没有理由再坚持自己的传统，而应该去积极接纳西方的思想、学说和生活方式。

This is the goal of this historical school to promote historical nihilism and replace Chinese traditional culture with western culture.

这就是这个历史学派的目标，宣扬历史虚无主义，用西方文化替代中国传统文化。

Interestingly, when they actively proved that the history of the Shang Dynasty was forged by historians, oracle bones and Yin Ruins were found. After subsequent archaeological work, the historical records are very consistent with these archaeological relics.

有意思的是，就在他们积极证明商朝历史是史学家伪造的时候，甲骨文和殷墟遗址被发现了，经过后续考古工作这的印证，历史记录和这些考古遗存极为吻合。

This made them extremely embarrassed, but they still needed to make a fat face. They went on to say that even if the Shang Dynasty was true, the Xia Dynasty must have been forged. But when Erlitou Xia Dynasty site was excavated and studied, this group of people had long been lost in the torrent of history.

这让他们极为尴尬，但还是需要打肿脸充胖子，他们接着说道，即使商是真的，夏朝也肯定是伪造的。可二里头夏朝遗址进行挖掘研究时，这群人早已湮没在历史的洪流中了。

Other civilizations in the world at the same time as China have similar archaeological records as Xia and Shang Dynasties, but they have never been questioned.

世界上与中国同时期的其他文明有着和夏商差不多的考古记录，却从未受到人们的质疑。

Why? To some extent, Western sinologists agree with the theories of these ancient skeptics in modern China, because it is in the interests of western countries.

原因是什么？西方汉学家在一定程度上都赞同中国近代的这些疑古学派的学说，因为这符合西方国家的利益。

Because the Xia Dynasty is connected with prehistoric civilization, once recognized, it will cover up the glory of Egyptian and ancient Greek civilization and add an important example of the origin of world civilization in China, which is what white people with a sense of Western superiority don't want to see.

因为夏朝与史前文明相衔接，一旦承认将会掩盖掉埃及、古希腊文明的光辉，为世界文明起源于中国添加重要例证，这正是拥有西方优越感的白种人所不愿看到的。

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网友苏比•陶的回答

This is a common practice in the field of Western history.

这是西方历史学科领域的普遍做法。

In fact, before 1000 A.D., there were not many credible historical documents on the European continent. Therefore, strictly speaking, Europe has only a history of about 1000 years.

事实上，在公元1000年之前，欧洲大陆至今没有多少可信的历史文献，因此，严格来说，欧洲只有1000年左右的历史。

Before the 10th century, all historical accounts of Europe were reconstructed based on archaeological discoveries, or in more straightforward terms. They belong to archaeology rather than history.

10世纪之前所有关于欧洲的历史叙述都是根据考古发现重建的，或者用更直截了当的措辞，他们属于考古学而不是历史学的范畴。

China is different. As far back as 841 BC, China's history was recorded year after year and confirmed by archaeological discoveries, which has high credibility.

而中国不一样，远在公元前841年，中国的历史就年复一年地被记录下来了，并被考古发现所证实，具有很高的可信度。

But before 841 B.C., China's history became blurred because early historical events were recorded much later than the actual time of these events.

可在公元前841年之前，中国的历史就变得模糊不清了，因为早期历史事件的记录时间远远晚于这些事件发生的实际时间。

The Chinese historical records of this period are a mixture of copies of unsaved earlier historical records, records of legends and rumors, and the recorder's reasoning and interpretation of early events.

这一时期的中国历史记录是由未保存下来的更早期历史记录的副本、传说和传闻的记录以及记录者对早期事件的推理和解释混合而成的。

There are abundant archaeological sites in this period. Erlitou, a site dating back to about 1700 BC, is the most consistent with historical records.

这一时期的考古遗址十分丰富，二里头，一个可以追溯到公元前1700年左右的遗址，最符合历史记录。

However, since no words were found in the site, we can not be 100% sure whether Erlitou is really the summer capital 3700 years ago mentioned in the historical records. This is the biggest controversy.

然而，由于在遗址中没有发现文字，我们无法100%确定二里头是否真的是《史记》中提到的3700年前的夏都，这就是最大的争议。

If you put aside all the questions in doubt and accept the official conclusion that Erlitou is indeed the capital of the Xia Dynasty, the historical records of the Xia Dynasty can be said to be reliable, so China's history can be traced back to about 5000 years ago.

如果你把所有存疑的问题都放在一边，接受二里头确实是夏朝的都城的官方结论，那么关于夏朝的历史记录可以说被证实是可靠的，因此中国的历史可以追溯到大约5000年前。

In short, although strictly speaking, China has only 3700 years of history, if Westerners claim that Europe has a history of 3000 or even 4000 years and believe that ancient Greece and Rome were the origin of European civilization, it is entirely reasonable for China to claim that China has a history of 5000 years.

总之，尽管严格来说，中国只有3700年的历史，但如果西方人宣称欧洲拥有3000年甚至4000年的历史，并认为古希腊和罗马时欧洲文明的起源的话，那么中国声称中国有5000年的历史是完全合理的。

I know that some people will disagree with my views on European history and mention ancient Rome and Greece. But the records of ancient Rome are a thousand years later than those of ancient Rome.

我知道，有些人会不同意我对欧洲历史的看法，并提起古罗马和希腊。可关于古罗马的记载比古罗马时代晚了一千年。

The records of ancient Greece are not only unreliable, but also more records of Asia Minor than those of ancient Greece. So, I'm sorry, my friends, I don't accept the double standard of western historical description of East and West.

古希腊的记录不仅不可靠，而且更多的是小亚细亚的记录，而不是古希腊的记录。所以，对不起，朋友们，我不接受西方人对于东西方历史描述的双重标准。

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网友胡格斯•塔尔博特的回答

This question contains three different questions:

这个问题包含有三个不同的问题：

1.What is proven history? History takes written records as the carrier. Everything before this is called prehistory. Taking this as the standard, China's oldest verified text sample does have a history of 3700 years.

1. 什么是已证实的历史？历史以书面记录为载体，在此之前的一切都被称为史前史，以此为标准，中国最古老的经验证的文字样本确实有3700年的历史。

Ancient inscriptions are the oldest writing system in China. They are generally engraved on bronze objects such as Ding and Zhen. It has been verified that they have a history of 5000 years (source: China has found 5000 years of original characters, which may be one of the oldest characters in the world - New York Daily News).

古老的铭文，是中国最古老的书写系统，一般被篆刻在鼎、簋等青铜器物之上，经验证已经有5000年的历史（来源：中国发现了5000年的原始文字，这可能是世界上最古老的文字之一——纽约每日新闻）。

2.Not all historians agree that historical information can only be obtained from written records. Other survey methods have greatly expanded our ability to obtain historical information from non written materials, enabling us to understand the lifestyles of those who are not included in the historical records (such as the poor, ethnic minorities, women, the conquered and the victors who usually write history, illiteracy, etc.).

2.并非所有历史学家都同意历史信息只能从文字记录中获得的观点。其他调查方法极大地扩展了我们从非书面资料中获得历史信息的能力，使我们能够了解那些没有被列入历史记录的人（例如穷人、少数民族、妇女、被征服者与通常撰写历史的胜利者、文盲等）的生活方式。

In the prehistoric period, because of the long time, many things are not fully known. Different cultural groups combined to form what we call Chinese culture today.

史前时期因为时间久远，许多东西还不完全为人所知，不同的文化群体结合在一起，形成了我们今天所说的中国文化。

However, there is a consensus in the academic circles that the settlements along the Yellow River can be traced back to about 5000 BC. It is a direct source of modern Chinese culture.

但学界一个共识，即黄河沿岸的定居点，可以追溯到公元前5000年左右，它是现代中国文化的一个直接源头。

3. Finally, how to define the history of "China"? The Chinese dynasty began from the Xia Dynasty and continued to the Shang Dynasty for dozens of dynasties. Before believing in history, the Xia and Shang Dynasties were mostly recorded in legends or myths.

3.最后，怎样定义“中国”的历史？中国王朝从夏朝开始，延续到商朝，绵延数十个朝代。在信史之前，夏商这两个朝代都多被记录于传奇或神话故事里。

At that time, there was no Chinese concept. In this region, many ethnic groups multiplied and lived. After thousands of years of confrontation and integration, this complex and multicultural society gradually formed a consistent sense of historical identity.

当时还没有中国人的概念，在这片地域，众多民族繁衍生息，经历上千年的对抗和融合，这个复杂的、多元文化的社会才渐渐形成一致的历史认同感。

The earliest historical dynasty that can prove its existence is the Shang Dynasty. From the beginning, its culture, language, political management and handicrafts have been quite developed. Logically, this shows that there must be an earlier stage and quite mature before the primary stage of Chinese civilization such as the Shang Dynasty.

最早可证明存在的历史王朝是商朝。从一开始，它的文化、语言、政治管理和手工艺就已经相当发达，按逻辑讲，这表明，在商朝这样华夏文明的初级阶段之前，肯定还有一个更早期的阶段，而且已经相当成熟。

In addition, the legend of China's great flood and how the Chinese people solved this problem by building water conservancy projects show that when these legends were formed, there was a rather complex organizational structure controlling and commanding a large number of people, and they worked together to overcome natural disasters.

此外，中国大洪水的传说以及中国人民如何通过修筑水利工程解决这一问题表明，在这些传说形成时，有一个相当复杂的组织结构控制指挥着大量的人口，他们齐心协力战胜了自然灾害。

The story of Noah's ark, which was destroyed by the flood in the west, mostly relied on the power of God to solve problems, which is not of historical reference value.

而西方洪水灭世，诺亚方舟的故事则多依靠神的力量解决问题，这就不太具有史学参考价值。

There is also archaeological evidence to prove that there was a large form of social organization before the Shang Dynasty. At present, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove that this is the Xia dynasty recorded in historical books, it is certain that the Shang Dynasty was not the beginning of Chinese history.

现在也有考古证据证明商代以前有一个大型的社会组织形式，目前虽然还没有确凿的证据证明这就是史书上记载的夏朝，但商朝并不是中国历史的开端，这一点是肯定的。

Therefore, even if the verifiable history does not go back to the distant past, it is not wrong for the Chinese people to adhere to the Chinese civilization for 5000 years or more.

因此，即使可证明的历史没有追溯到更遥远的过去，中国人坚持华夏文明历史达5000年或更长时间是没有错的。

高山流水

印度网友问：印度和中国的差距在哪？

中国的扶贫事业受到世界瞩目，有印度网友在美国问答网站Quora上提问道：和中国相比，为什么印度总是这么差？这个问题引来各国网友的热议，从经济模式到制度差异，各国网友针对该问题撰文进行了专业的剖析和解答。

问题：和中国相比，为什么印度总是这么差？

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美国学者克里斯•艾伯特的回答

India is a multi-cultural, multi religious, multi lingual and multi surname society. If all forces unite, they can help India achieve its great and brilliant achievements. If all forces confront each other, they may destroy the country.

印度是一个多文化、多宗教、多语言和多种姓组成的社会，如果各方力量联合起来，可以帮助印度实现其伟大而辉煌的成就，如果各方力量相互对抗，他们可能会摧毁这个国家。

Unfortunately, the biggest problem India is facing is the latter. Each political party, region and religion in India has its own interests. They are constantly fighting with each other in an attempt to maximize their own interests, rather than seeking the greatest common divisor for the broadest public interests.

不幸的是，印度正在面临的最大问题正是后者。印度每个政党、地域、宗教都有其自身的利益，彼此之间内斗不断，企图谋求自身利益的最大化，而不是为了最广泛的公众利益去寻求最大公约数。

Indians elect leaders according to the candidate's caste, community and religion rather than whether they have the ability to govern the country.

印度人根据候选人的种姓、社区、宗教而不是是否具有治理国家的才能来选举领导人。

Once these politicians come to power, they will choose to cater to the voice of voters rather than the needs of the country, so as to please voters and maintain their personal support rate, so as to continue to win elections.

这些政客一旦上台掌权，在后续执政中，会选择迎合选民的呼声而不是国家的需要，并以此取悦选民，保持个人的支持率，从而不断赢得选举。

India's leadership is pulling the country into the abyss. The struggle between different parties is like Tetris, fighting on the same issue, and then offsetting each other, resulting in zero results.

印度的领导层正在把这个国家拉入深渊，不同党派之间的斗争就像俄罗斯方块，在同一议题上对抗发力，然后相互抵消，导致结果为零。

Unlike India, China's political system can avoid this internal friction to the greatest extent. Under the common vision, everyone is moving in the same direction, and the people's strength is consistent, so their achievements are multiplied.

与印度不同，中国的政治体制可以最大程度地避免这种内耗，在共同的愿景下，每个人都朝着同一个方向前进，人民的力量是一致的，所以他们的成就是成倍的。

So China has built 30000 kilometers of high-speed railway, 190000 kilometers of expressway, the busiest port in the world, the most advanced factory, global leading enterprises such as Huawei and Xiaomi, large financial centers, subway trunk lines shuttling through major cities, etc. What do you think India is doing?

所以中国修建有30000公里的高速铁路，19万公里的高速公路，世界上最繁忙的港口，最先进的工厂，华为和小米等全球领先企业，大型金融中心，穿梭于主要城市的地铁干线等等，你看印度在做什么？

India is a colonial socialist hybrid country. Its operation is based on caste, tribe, religion, gender, geography, language and gender, and takes the high-level people stealing interests from the low-level people as the source and driving force.

印度是一个殖民—社会主义混合型国家，其运作以种姓、部落、宗教、性别、地理、语言、性别为基础，以高阶人群从底层人群窃取利益为来源和动力。

Its constitution has the characteristics of both British conservatism and communism, and uses it as a basis to distribute rather than create wealth.

它的宪法兼有英国保守主义和共产主义特色，并以此为依据来分配而不是创造财富。

What happened? In this poor country, the rich ruling class constantly parasitized and sucked blood, implemented the legal and judicial system of the 17th century, and struggled to survive in the twilight of means under the police and the government.

结果如何呢？这个贫穷国家，富有的统治阶级不断寄生和吸血，执行着17世纪的法律及司法制度，在警察和政府下作手段的暮色中挣扎求生。

Such atavistic government organs that govern disorderly are inefficient, incompetent, corrupt and irresponsible. Year after year, they become more and more bloated and the social productivity is becoming lower and lower.

这种返祖式政府机关的无序治理，效率低下、无能、腐败且不负责任，年复一年地变得越来越臃肿，社会生产力也愈渐低下。

China's social structure is much healthier. Through the revolution, they eliminated all the unreasonable elements of the old era: warlords, landlords, compradors, capitalists, etc.

而中国的社会结构要健康得多，他们通过革命消除了旧时代的一切不合理要素：军阀、地主、买办、资本家等等。

They have a strong leading Party and resolutely seize the opportunity in the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union, which constitutes the foundation of today's China's economy, technology, strength and prosperity.

他们有一个强大的领导政党，也在美苏争锋中果断抓住机遇，构成了今天中国经济、技术、实力和繁荣的基础。

It is for this reason that China is developing rapidly and gradually eliminating poverty, while India is still struggling with poverty, education, malnutrition and many other problems.

正是由于这个原因，中国正在高速发展，逐渐消除了贫困，而印度仍在与贫困、教育、营养不良和其他许多问题作斗争。

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印度政府官员阿迪托亚•巴杰佩的回答

From the perspective of India's economic system, India is more like a perfect socialist country with planned economy than China. India pursues market socialism. The public and private sectors coexist. Franchising, quotas and import substitution have greatly reduced the domestic economic growth rate.

从印度的经济体制看，印度比中国更像一个完美的计划经济的社会主义国家。印度奉行市场社会主义，公共部门和私营部门并存，特许经营、配额和进口替代国产大大降低了国内经济增长率。

From 1950 to 1990, India grew slowly at the rate of 3%. It was not until the LPG reform in 1991 that we turned to a free market economy. It was not until 1990 that we began to pay attention to exports, open all economic fields to private enterprises and fully tap the great potential of globalization.

从1950年到1990年，印度以3%的速度缓慢增长，直到1991年液化石油气改革，我们才转向自由市场经济，直到1990年，我们才开始关注出口，将各经济领域向私人企业开放，充分挖掘全球化的巨大潜力。

However, India's biggest mistake is that it did not invest in human capital in those years. Even today, our spending on health and education is still lower than the size of our economy. Therefore, when China takes advantage of its huge demographic dividend, we have been far behind.

然而，印度最大的错误就是在那几年没有对人力资本进行投资，即使在今天，我们在卫生和教育方面的支出仍低于我们经济规模所应达到的水平。因此，当中国利用其庞大的人口红利时，我们已经被远远地落在后边了。

Under the market socialist system, India lacks incentives and accountability, and the efficiency of all sectors is bound to reach the bottom.

印度在市场社会主义体制下，缺乏激励和问责制，所有部门的效率都必然会触底。

As Dr. Singh once said, money does not grow from trees, but our successive governments have ignored this basic principle: the government needs to make money first and then spend a penny.

正如Singh博士曾说过，钱不是从树上长出来的，但我们历届政府都忽视了这一基本原理：即政府需要先赚钱，然后再花一分钱。

Under the control of all government resources, it has become normal for the ruling party to treat government funds as personal property.

在所有政府资源的支配下，执政党将政府资金视为个人财产已成为常态。

Due to the lack of check and balance mechanism, the ruling party squandered these funds wantonly, which put great pressure on the national finance and deprived any government assistance to the rural economy, resulting in a significant reduction in self employment and traditional crafts in rural India.

由于没有制衡机制，执政党肆意挥霍这些资金，给国家财政造成了巨大压力，剥夺了农村经济的任何政府援助，导致印度农村的自营职业和传统工艺从业者大量减少。

More than two thirds of India's population lives in rural areas, but the financial investment for farmers in infrastructure development has never exceeded 25%, which has had disastrous consequences, because rural India contributes more than 50% of the labor force, and agriculture plays an important role in the whole socio-economic structure.

印度有超过三分之二的人口生活在农村地区，但财政面向农民的用于发展基础设施的投资却从未超过25%，这造成了灾难性的后果，因为印度农村贡献了50%以上的劳动力，农业在整个社会经济结构中发挥着重要作用。

The agricultural sector used to be the main source of income in rural India, but the situation of the agricultural sector is also very bad. This main source of income is drying up, exposing the bottom people to poverty and exploitation.

农业部门曾经是印度农村的主要收入来源，但农业部门的状况也十分糟糕，这一主要收入来源正在枯竭，使底层人们面临贫困和剥削。

In the face of this situation, the government has never encouraged enterprises to invest in the agricultural sector, which hinders the promotion of new and improved technologies to improve agricultural productivity. Facts have proved that enterprise funds are very important to promote the development of traditional craftsmen and small-scale agricultural industries.

面对这一现状，政府从未鼓励企业投资农业部门，这阻碍了新技术和改良技术在用于提高农业生产率方面的推广，事实证明企业基金对促进传统工匠和农业小规模产业发展的支持非常重要。

In the Indian bureaucracy, poverty has always been regarded as an inevitable and incurable problem, but this is not a tragedy that mankind is destined to face. It is reflected in our way to solve this problem.

在印度的官僚体制中，贫困一直被视为不可避免和无法治愈的问题，但这不是人类注定要面对的悲剧，它反映在我们解决这一问题的方法中。

We have never given priority to infrastructure construction, so there have never been roads, electricity and medical services in rural areas. This is the fundamental flaw in our approach to poverty alleviation, that is, instead of making them self reliant, we emphasize free gifts and temporary assistance, which in turn makes poverty a cash cow for institutions. Therefore, the poor are poor because government agencies like to cultivate the poor.

我们从来没有优先考虑基础设施建设，所以农村地区从来没有公路、电力和医疗服务。这是我们扶贫方法的基本缺陷，即不是让他们自力更生，而是强调免费赠品和临时援助，这反过来使贫困成为各机构的摇钱树。因此，穷人之所以贫穷，是因为政府机构喜欢培养穷人。

If we had awakened earlier, we might have achieved some remarkable results and might have freed almost everyone from the poverty trap.

如果我们早一点觉醒，我们可能已经取得了一些显著的成果，并且可能已经把几乎所有人都从贫困陷阱中解脱了出来。

But because of our pseudo idealism, we lost the war to eradicate poverty.

但由于我们的伪理想主义，输掉了这场消除贫困的战争。

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印度网友苏尼尔•沙玛的回答

For a period in the 1990s, the economic volume and model of India and China were very similar, but India was far behind due to China's reform.

上世纪90年代有一段时期，印度和中国的经济体量和模式曾经非常相似，但由于中国的改革，便把印度远远甩在了身后。

China's total exports amounted to US $2.5 trillion (mainly including manufacturing products); India exports 316 billion (mainly agricultural products).

中国的出口总额为2.5万亿美元（主要包括制造业产品）；印度出口3160亿美元（主要包括农产品）。

In China, the unemployment rate has been below 5% for a long time. India's unemployment rate is 21% higher.

在中国，失业率长时期低于5%。而印度的失业率高达21%。

China is a very smart country, and we have to admit it. In the field of import and export trade, they mainly export manufactured products, and their price and cost advantages are very high. They have chosen the right development field and made great progress, because they know that it is impossible to get rich by relying on agriculture and other fields.

中国是一个很聪明的国家，我们不得不承认这一点。在进出口贸易领域，他们主要出口制成品，而且价格和成本优势极高，他们选择了正确的发展领域并取得了巨大的进步，因为他们知道依赖农业等领域致富根本不可能。

India must develop in many fields, such as the manufacturing industry where China is located. In India, more than 50% of the population depends on agriculture, and the employed population must be transferred to other industries.

印度必须进行多领域发展，如中国所在的制造业领域，在印度，超过50%的人口依赖农业，就业人口必须转移到其他产业上面。

India's farmers are mainly from Uttar Pradesh, with the largest population of 21 million. In terms of economy, they are also the worst performing state, even if it has great development potential.

印度的农民主要来自北方邦，人口最多的有2100万，就经济而言，它们也是表现最差的邦，即使它有巨大的发展潜力。

A key issue facing the Indian economy is the sharp expansion of differences between different states and regions in terms of poverty, infrastructure availability and socio-economic development.

印度经济面临的一个关键问题是，在贫困、基础设施可用性和社会经济发展方面，印度不同邦和地区之间的差异急剧扩大。

Six low-income States - Assam, Chhattisgarh, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, odisha and Uttar Pradesh - account for more than one third of India's population and are well below the national average in terms of income, literacy, life expectancy and living conditions.

六个低收入邦——阿萨姆、恰蒂斯加尔、纳加兰、中央邦、奥迪沙和北方邦——占据印度三分之一以上人口，他们在收入、识字率、预期寿命和生活条件方面远低于全国平均水平。

Many of these COVID-19 have suffered hitherto unknown long-term unemployment. The government must promote infrastructure in India, such as the recent Agra metro project, to create more job opportunities.

在这些新冠疫情中，许多人已经遭受了前所未有的长期失业，政府必须推动印度的基础设施建设，如最近的阿格拉地铁项目，以创造更多的就业机会。

Improving literacy is also very important for India's development, but the government is irresponsible and has done nothing in this regard.

提高识字率对印度的发展也非常重要，但政府不负责任，在这方面毫无作为。

India's private companies are more dynamic, and the government must support them so that they can expand and create more jobs. India has a large number of people, and their employment depends on private companies rather than government positions.

印度的私营公司更有活力，政府必须支持这些公司，以便这些公司能够扩大规模，创造更多就业机会。印度人数众多，他们的就业依赖于私营公司，而不是政府职位。

India must improve the quality of its goods in order to compete in the international market. India "must make it easier for external companies to invest in infrastructure and start attracting them.

印度必须提高商品质量，才能在国际市场上竞争，印度必须为外国公司营造良好的营商环境，吸引他们投资基础设施。

Corruption is also a major problem in India's economic growth. Many people used to get jobs through bribery, which makes the quality of work in India very poor.

腐败也是印度经济增长中的一个主要问题，许多人过去通过行贿获得工作，这种风气使得印度的工作质量非常低劣。

If India is willing to do so, India can also lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.

如果印度愿意这样做，那么印度也可以让数以亿计的人口摆脱贫困。

China has made various efforts to improve itself and put itself into a better state, and India must do the same.

中国已经做了各种各样的努力来提升自己，使自己进入更好的状态，印度也必须这样做。

But the question is, is the Indian government and people willing and ready to make great efforts and sacrifices?

但问题是，印度政府和人民是否愿意并准备为此付出巨大努力和牺牲呢？